Lee Jae-yong, vice chairman of Samsung Electronics, committed stock manipulation, breach of trust and other offences when two other subsidiaries, Samsung C&T and Cheil Industries, merged in 2015, the prosecutors said.
Ten other current and former top Samsung executives were also charged.
Lee and his subordinates had carried out “a systemic scheme to take control of the Samsung Group with the least cost”, said the prosecution, by deploying “various unfair transactions” that damaged other shareholders’ interests.
Lee is already separately being retried on charges of bribery, embezzlement and other offences in connection with the corruption scandal that brought down former South Korean president Park Geun-hye.
The businessman was not detained, but the charges are likely to prove a distraction as his firm seeks to navigate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. Samsung Electronics is the flagship subsidiary of the group, which was founded by Lee’s grandfather and has grown to become by far the biggest of the family-controlled conglomerates, or chaebols, that dominate business in the world’s 12th-largest economy.
Its overall turnover is equivalent to a fifth of South Korea’s gross domestic product and is crucial to the country’s economic health.
The firm saw profits rise in April-July with data centres moving to stockpile its DRAM chips to meet surging demand for online activities as a result of global lockdowns.
But the South’s economy shrank 3.2 per cent year-on-year in the same period, according to a revised estimate by the central Bank of Korea on Tuesday.
Lee’s legal team rejected the charges, calling them “one-sided allegations” by the investigators and “totally untrue”.
“Every process for the merger was carried out legally,” they said, adding the indictment against Lee was “not only beyond comprehension, it’s lamentable.”
Chaebol families often have only a small ownership stake in their empires, but maintain control through complex webs of cross-shareholdings between units.
Lee was the largest shareholder in Cheil Industries, and critics say Samsung sought to artificially lower the price of C&T to give him a bigger stake in the merged entity — a key part of the Samsung structure — consolidating his grip on the conglomerate. Lee’s latest legal troubles add a layer of “uncertainty” to the company and could “burden the South’s economy as a whole”, said Kim Dae-jong, a business professor at Sejong University in Seoul.
“The fact that he will have to stand another trial creates a cloud of uncertainty and probably affects Samsung’s long-term investment plans,” he said.
With the country feeling the economic pain from the outbreak, “the timing isn’t good”, he added. Nonetheless Samsung Electronics’ shares closed up 0.37 per cent in Seoul.
Some chaebol leaders who have been convicted in the past have subsequently received presidential pardons in recognition of their economic roles.
South Korean President Moon Jae-in campaigned in part on a promise of reforming the chaebols and the prosecution’s move came despite a civilian review panel recommending Lee should not be indicted, citing a lack of evidence.
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